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白炭黑是一种高科技无机精细化工产品
2024-05-22
白炭黑，又称二氧化硅，学名沉淀水合二氧化硅。它是一种高科技无机精细化工产品，主要由sio2组成。炭黑的性能和外观与白色高度分散的无定形或絮状粉末相似，并且它们也作为商品被加工成颗粒。质轻，原粒径0.3 μ m以下相对密度2.319-2.653，熔点1750 ℃。它不溶于水和大多数酸，当被空气中的水吸收时，它变成吸收水的细颗粒。溶于苛性钠和氢氟酸。其他化学物质不会发生反应，在高温下不会分解，也不会燃烧。它对底物，活性成分和添加剂具有化学惰性，并且与维生素，激素，氟化物，抗生素，酶制剂和化妆品中常用的许多活性成分具有良好的相容性。具有高电绝缘性。由于其孔隙率和大的比表面积，它在生胶中具有很好的分散性，并在橡胶中表现出很高的增强性能。疏水二氧化硅的表面改性易溶于油、橡胶、塑料作为补强填料，将显著提高其机械强度和抗撕裂性能指标。由于制造方法的不同，二氧化硅的物理化学性质和微观结构可能会有所不同，从而导致不同的应用领域和效果。
White carbon black can be roughly divided into precipitated white carbon black and gas-phase white carbon black according to production methods
White carbon black is the general term of white powder X-ray amorphous silicic acid and silicate products, mainly referring to precipitated silica, fumed silica and ultra-fine silica gel, as well as powder synthetic aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.
根据生产方法，白炭黑可大致分为沉淀白炭黑和气相白炭黑。在正常条件下，气相白炭黑是一种白色无定形絮状半透明固体胶体纳米颗粒 (粒径小于100nm)，无毒，并具有巨大的比表面积。气相白炭黑完全由纳米二氧化硅制成，产品纯度可达99%，粒径为10-20nm。但制备工艺复杂，费用昂贵; 沉淀白炭黑可分为传统沉淀白炭黑和特殊沉淀白炭黑。前者是指以硫酸、盐酸、CO2和水玻璃为基本原料生产的二氧化硅，后者是指采用超重力技术、溶胶凝胶法、化学结晶法、二次结晶法或反胶束微洗液法等特殊方法生产的二氧化硅。沉淀二氧化硅主要用作天然橡胶和合成橡胶的补强剂，以及牙膏的摩擦剂。气相二氧化硅主要用作硅橡胶的增强剂、涂料和不饱和树脂增稠剂，超细硅胶和气凝胶主要用作涂料消光剂、增稠剂、塑料薄膜开口剂等。
Thanks to the growth in demand in the tire manufacturing industry, silicone rubber industry, coating industry, new energy and other fields, it is expected that the average annual growth rate of precipitated silica (silica) in China will be about 10% in the future. In 2015, Asia will become a major market for highly dispersed white carbon black, with a demand growth rate far higher than the global average of 9%, reaching 15% or higher. China accounts for 40% of the Asian market and will become the world's largest single market.
What are the traditional methods for preparing white carbon black?
The traditional method for preparing white carbon black is to use sodium silicate, silicon tetrachloride, and ethyl orthosilicate as silicon sources. Except for sodium silicate, other costs are very high. The new method uses inexpensive non-metallic minerals as silicon sources, greatly reducing the production cost of white carbon black.
Traditional methods
(1) Gas-phase method
Mainly chemical vapor deposition (CAV) method, also known as pyrolysis, dry method, or combustion method. Its raw materials are generally silicon tetrachloride, oxygen (or air), and hydrogen, which react at high temperatures to form. The reaction formula is:
SiCl4+2H2+O2->SiO2+4HCl
空气和氢气分别加压、分离、冷却和脱水，用硅胶干燥，过滤除尘后送入合成水解炉。将四氯化硅原料送入蒸馏塔蒸馏，在蒸发器中加热蒸发，以干燥过滤后的空气为载体送入合成水解炉。四氯化硅在高温 (火焰温度1000-1800 ℃) 下气化后，在1800 ℃ 左右的高温下，与一定量的氢气和氧气 (或空气) 进行气相水解; 此时，所产生的气相二氧化硅颗粒是细的并且与气体形成难以捕获的气溶胶。因此，它们首先在聚集器中聚集成较大的颗粒，通过旋风分离器收集，然后送至脱酸炉。将气相二氧化硅用含氮空气洗涤至ph值为4-6，这是最终产物。
(2) Precipitation method
The precipitation method, also known as sodium silicate acidification method, uses water glass solution to react with acid, and obtains white carbon black through precipitation, filtration, washing, drying, and calcination. The reaction formula is:
Na2SiO3+2H+->White carbon black+2Na++H20
Most domestic production enterprises adopt the precipitation method.
White carbon black can be roughly divided into precipitated white carbon black and gas-phase white carbon black according to production methods
White carbon black is the general term of white powder X-ray amorphous silicic acid and silicate products, mainly referring to precipitated silica, fumed silica and ultra-fine silica gel, as well as powder synthetic aluminum silicate and calcium silicate.
White carbon black can be roughly divided into precipitated white carbon black and gas-phase white carbon black according to production methods. Under normal conditions, the white amorphous flocculent half of gas-phase white carbon black
透明固体胶体纳米粒子 (粒径小于100nm) 无毒，具有巨大的比表面积。气相白炭黑完全由纳米二氧化硅制成，产品纯度可达99%，粒径为10-20nm。但制备工艺复杂，费用昂贵; 沉淀白炭黑可分为传统沉淀白炭黑和特殊沉淀白炭黑。前者是指以硫酸、盐酸、CO2和水玻璃为基本原料生产的二氧化硅，后者是指采用超重力技术、溶胶凝胶法、化学结晶法、二次结晶法或反胶束微洗液法等特殊方法生产的二氧化硅。沉淀二氧化硅主要用作天然橡胶和合成橡胶的补强剂，以及牙膏的摩擦剂。气相二氧化硅主要用作硅橡胶的增强剂、涂料和不饱和树脂增稠剂，超细硅胶和气凝胶主要用作涂料消光剂、增稠剂、塑料薄膜开口剂等。
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